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KMID : 0352720230470030366
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Journal of Ginseng Research
2023 Volume.47 No. 3 p.366 ~ p.375
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A novel protocol for batch-separating gintonin-enriched, polysaccharide-enriched, and crude ginsenoside-containing fractions from Panax ginseng
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Lee Ra-Mi
Cho Han-Sung
Kim Ji-Hun
Cho Hee-Jung
Choi Sun-Hye
Hwang Sung-Hee
Rhim Hye-Won
Cho Ik-Hyun
Rhee Man-Hee
Kim Do-Geun
Kim Hyoung-Chun
Nah Seung-Yeol
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Abstract
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Background : Ginseng contains three active components: ginsenosides, gintonin, and polysaccharides. After the separation of 1 of the 3 ingredient fractions, other fractions are usually discarded as waste. In this study, we developed a simple and effective method, called the ginpolin protocol, to separate gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF), ginseng polysaccharide fraction (GPF), and crude ginseng saponin fraction (cGSF).
Methods : Dried ginseng (1 kg) was extracted using 70% ethanol (EtOH). The extract was water fractionated to obtain a water-insoluble precipitate (GEF). The upper layer after GEF separation was precipitated with 80% EtOH for GPF preparation, and the remaining upper layer was vacuum dried to obtain cGSF.
Results : The yields of GEF, GPF, and cGSF were 14.8, 54.2, and 185.3 g, respectively, from 333 g EtOH extract. We quantified the active ingredients of 3 fractions: L-arginine, galacturonic acid, ginsenosides, glucuronic acid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), phosphatidic acid (PA), and polyphenols. The order of the LPA, PA, and polyphenol content was GEF > cGSF > GPF. The order of L-arginine and galacturonic acid was GPF >> GEF = cGSF. Interestingly, GEF contained a high amount of ginsenoside Rb1, whereas cGSF contained more ginsenoside Rg1. GEF and cGSF, but not GPF, induced intracellular [Ca2+]i transient with antiplatelet activity. The order of antioxidant activity was GPF > GEF = cGSF. Immunological activities (related to nitric oxide production, phagocytosis, and IL-6 and TNF-α release) were, in order, GPF > GEF = cGSF. The neuroprotective ability (against reactive oxygen species) order was GEF > cGSP > GPF.
Conclusion : We developed a novel ginpolin protocol to isolate 3 fractions in batches and determined that each fraction has distinct biological effects.
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KEYWORD
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Ginseng, Ginsenoside, Gintonin, Ginseng polysaccharide, Batch separation
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